A group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 19 of the world's largest economies, and the European Union. The G-20 was formed in 1999…

A method whereby a set of economic techniques or theories are used to determine what specific factor, or factors, contributed to an economy's growth…

An expression coined by economists to describe an economy that is growing at such a slow pace that more jobs are being lost than are being added. The…

The classic economic example of the production possibility curve, which demonstrates the idea of opportunity cost. In a theoretical economy with only…

A term used to describe an economy going into recession as the government attempts to slow down inflation. The Fed will try to avoid a hard landing by…

An inflation indicator used by the European Central Bank. New prices of products are added to the HICP only after these products have become significant…

An economic policy advisor who has a negative view toward inflation and its effects on society.Also known as "inflation hawk". Hawks carefully monitor…

The raw inflation figure as reported through the Consumer Price Index (CPI) that is released monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI calculates…

A model identifying price factors according to the premise that price is determined both by internal characteristics of the good being sold and external…

The U.S. job market index, published monthly by the Conference Board that monitors the number of help wanted advertisements in major newspapers across…

A mentality characterized by a lack of individuality, causing people to think and act like the general population. This term is used in the investing…

A commonly accepted measure of market concentration. It is calculated by squaring the market share of each firm competing in a market, and then summing…

The realized volatility of a financial instrument over a given time period. Generally, this measure is calculated by determining the average deviation…

The rational human being that many economists use when deriving, explaining, and verifying their theories and models.The basis for a majority of economic…

An interest rate stated in Hong Kong dollars on the lending and borrowing between banks in the Hong Kong interbank market. The terms of the deposits vary…

When a company expands its business into different products that are similar to current lines. A hot dog vendor expanding into selling hamburgers would…

This theory proposes that owners of non-renewable resources will only produce a supply of their product if it will yield more than instruments available…

An index of over 300 home builders, which shows the demand for new homes. The index runs from 0-100, so a rating of 50 would mean that demand for new…

The number of residential building construction projects that have begun during any particular month. This is considered to be a crucial indicator of…

A measure of the economic value of an employee's skill set. This measure builds on the basic production input of labor measure where all labor is thought…

Extremely rapid or out of control inflation. There is no precise numerical definition to hyperinflation. Hyperinflation is a situation where the price…

A market where information is not quickly disclosed to all participants in it and where the matching of buyers and sellers isn't immediate. Generally…

The time lag between when a macroeconomic shock or other adverse condition is recognized by central banks and the government, and when a corrective action…

A cost that is represented by lost opportunity in the use of a company's own resources, excluding cash. These are intangible costs that are not easily…

The opportunity costs that a firm incurs as a result of using their own assets for ongoing operations instead of other alternative uses. The implicit…

In reference to international trade, these are goods brought into one country from another. Goods that are made in Japan and sold in the US are imported into the US.

Two indexes that monitor the prices of imports and exports in the United States. The import and export prices indexes are created by compiling the prices…

In the context of economic theory, the income effect is the change in an individual's or economy's income and how that change will impact the quantity…

A measure of the relationship between a change in income and a change in quantity of a good demanded: The degree to which a demand for a good changes…

A metric that assesses the marginal amount of investment capital necessary for an entity to generate the next unit of production. Overall, a higher ICOR…

The encompassing change that a company experiences within its balance sheet due to one additional unit of production. Also referred to as "marginal cost…

A diagram depicting equal levels of utility (satisfaction) for a consumer faced with various combinations of goods. As an example, consider the diagram…

A quota, imposed on individuals or firms by a governing body, that limits the production of a good or service. If the entity does not produce the maximum…

Within the context of macroeconomics and fiscal policy, a type of tax that changes when an economy's real gross domestic product (GDP) changes. The relationship…

An economic indicator that is released monthly by the Federal Reserve Board. The indicator measures the amount of output from the manufacturing, mining…

A period of major industrialization that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s. The Industrial Revolution, beginning in Great Britain, quickly…

The process in which a society or country (or world) transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods…

A theory which asserts that the market prices of common stocks and similar securities are not always accurately priced and tend to deviate from the true…

An economic term used to describe the situation in which the supply and demand for a good are unaffected when the price of that good or service changes…

A school of thought that believes emerging domestic industries should be protected until they become stable and mature.Proponents of the infant-industry…

A phrase used in his July 2002 testimony before the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs by former Federal Reserve Board chairman Alan Greenspan…

A type of good for which demand declines as the level of income or real GDP in the economy increases. This occurs when a good has more costly substitutes…

The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and, subsequently, purchasing power is falling. Central banks attempt…

A subclass of derivative that is used by individuals to mitigate the effects of potentially large levels of inflation. The most common type of inflation…

A central banking policy that revolves around meeting preset, publicly displayed targets for the annual rate of inflation. The benchmark used for inflation…

Federally insured debt securities that are similar to regular certificates of deposit (CDs), but provide investors with inflationary protection via annually…

U.S. government-issued debt securities similar to regular savings bonds, except they offer an investor inflationary protection, as their yields are tied…

A macroeconomic condition that describes the distance between the current level of real gross domestic product (GDP) and full employment (long run equilibrium)…

The relationship between inflation and individuals' behavior. For example, in times of higher-than-average inflation, consumers have a higher likelihood…

The uncertainty over the future real value (after inflation) of your investment. This is the risk that inflation will undermine the performance of your…